Bipolar disorder

Bipolar disorder, often referred to as manic-depressive illness, is a complex disorder characterized by extreme and fluctuating mood swings. These mood swings typically alternate between periods of intense, elevated moods known as"mania" or "hypomania" and depressive episodes marked by profound sadness and a lack of interest in daily activities. People with bipolar disorder may experience intense bursts of energy, impulsivity, and heightened creativity during manic phases, followed by deep feelings of hopelessness, fatigue, and despair during depressive phases. The severity and duration of these mood swings can vary and disrupt one's daily life, relationships, and overall functioning. Bipolar disorder can be managed with medication, therapy, and lifestyle adjustments, enabling individuals to lead fulfilling lives despite the challenges it presents.

• Bipolar I disorder – have at least one manic episode, followed by hypomanic or major depressive episodes. Some cases of mania may trigger a break from reality (psychosis).
• Bipolar II disorder – At least one major depressive episode and hypomanic episode but no manic episodes.
• Cyclothymic disorder – At least two years or one in children/teenagers ofHypomanic symptoms with depressive symptoms (less severe than major depression).